Differences Zakah and Alms (Sadaqah)
Bismillah was shalatu was salamu 'ala Rasulillah, wa ba'du,
Zakat in language means growing (an-Nama '), increasing (ar-Rii'), blessing (al-Barakah), and sanctifying (at-Tathiir).
(Oral al-Arabic, 14/358 and Fathul Qadir, 2/399).
While the word alms (Shadaqah) in derived language from the word as-Shidq which means honesty. Because alms (sadaqah) is the honesty of the faith of the one who takes it out.
(Fathul Qadir, 2/399).
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While the definition is Shari'a,
[1] Zakat: worship Allah - Ta'ala - by issuing goods that are obliged to be given to those who are entitled to receive it, with a certain amount according to the Shari'a.
[2] Alms (sadaqoh): worshiping Allah by infusing the treasures not obligated by the Shari'a.
Although sometimes the term alms is used to call zakat.
In some verses, Allah calls alms with alms. As the word of God explains those who are entitled to receive zakat,
إنما الصدقات للفقراء والمساكين والعاملين عليها والمؤلفة قلوبهم ...
Indeed, Sadaqah expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed to collect [zakah] and for bringing hearts together [for Islam] and for freeing captives [or slaves] and for those in debt and for the cause of Allah and for the [stranded] traveler - an obligation [imposed] by Allah . And Allah is Knowing and Wise., ...
What is meant by alms (shadaqoh) in this verse is zakah.
Among the differences of alms and zakah,
[1] Zakat is a liability in Islam for certain commodities, such as gold, silver, agriculture, livestock, etc.
While alms is not a liability and not limited to the type of commodity.
[2] There are certain conditions for zakah, such as must reach nishab, last for one year (haul), and issued with a certain value.
While alms, there is no special requirement, no nishab (minimum limit of property), do not have to wait the haul, and can be issued with any amount, as long as no harm to yourself or family.
[3] Zakat is obliged to be handed/distributed over to certain classes that have been mentioned by Allah. and should not be given to other than them.
While alms (Sadaqah) can be given to other than 8 ashnaf, such as orphans, and so on.
[4] People who are dead and have not yet paid zakat, shall be paid by the heirs. And the payment of zakah debt, takes precedence over the division of wills or inheritance.
As for alms there is no such obligation.
[5] People who do not pay zakat, get special punishment in the world and in the afterlife. In the world, punished in the form of forced withdrawal of his zakat and punished ta'zir according to the leader's decision.
Ibn Qudama says,
وإن منعها معتقدا وجوبها, وقدر الإمام على أخذها منه, أخذها وعزره
"The one who does not pay zakat, while maintaining that it is obligatory, while the leader allows to take his property, then the leader may force and give him ta'zir punishment.
(al-Mughni, 2/434)
And deserves punishment in the afterlife as mentioned in the hadith.
From Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu 'anhu , the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said,
مَنْ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ مَالًا فَلَمْ يُؤَدِّ زَكَاتَهُ مُثِّلَ لَهُ مَالُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُجَاعًا أَقْرَعَ لَهُ زَبِيبَتَانِ يُطَوَّقُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ بِلِهْزِمَتَيْهِ يَعْنِي بِشِدْقَيْهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَنَا مَالُكَ أَنَا كَنْزُكَ
"Whoever is given the treasure by Allah, then he does not pay his Zakah, then on the Day of Judgment his property is made to a male snake aqra '(bald because in his head there are many poison), the foamy two corners of his mouth. The snake was woven (on the neck) on the Day of Resurrection. The snake holds with both corners of its mouth, saying, 'I am your treasure, I am your savings'
(Bukhari 1403).
As for those who do not submit alms (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadaqahshadaqah), there is no such threat.
[6] According to 4 madhhab, zakat should not be given to children, grandchildren and so on, nor should be given to father, grandfather, and so on. to the top.
While alms can be given to children or parents.
And there are other things that distinguish between zakat and alms.
Thus, Allahu a'lam.
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