Types of appetence in the Koran
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Types of appetence in the Koran
Bismillah was shalatu was salam 'ala Rasulillah, wa ba'du,
In the Qur'an, Allah mentions appetence with three qualities, the three of which return to the state of each appetence.
First, the appetence of muthmainnah [النفس المطمئنة]
That is the appetence that is calm because of faith, good deeds, and obedience to the Lord.
Allah says,
الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا وَتَطْمَئِنُّ قُلُوبُهُمْ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ أَلَا بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ تَطْمَئِنُّ الْقُلُوبُ
Those who have believed and whose hearts are assured by the remembrance of Allah . Unquestionably, by the remembrance of Allah hearts are assured.".
Allah also says,
يَا أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ. ارْجِعِي إِلَى رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةً مَرْضِيَّةً
"[To the righteous it will be said], "O reassured soul, (27)
Return to your Lord, well-pleased and pleasing [to Him], (28)
And enter among My [righteous] servants (29)
And enter My Paradise." (30)
Second, appetence Lawwamah [النفس اللوّامة]
The word laama - yaluumu [لام - يلوم] means language to criticize. Laaim [لائم] means someone who denounces. If he likes to criticize or reproaching it is called lawwam [لوّام].
It is called lawwamah's appetence because this lust often denounces/reproaching the person because he has made a mistake, either a big sin, a small sin, or leaving an order, whether it is obligatory or recommended.
God swears by calling this type of appetence in the Koran,
وَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِالنَّفْسِ اللَّوَّامَةِ
"And I swear by the reproaching soul [to the certainty of resurrection]."
Third, appetence ammarah bis su'u [النفس الأمارة بالسوء]
That is the appetence that always invites the owner to sin, to do the wrong and motivate the owner to commit despicable acts.
Allah mentioned this type of appetence in the surah Yusuf,
وَمَا أُبَرِّئُ نَفْسِي إِنَّ النَّفْسَ لَأَمَّارَةٌ بِالسُّوءِ إِلَّا مَا رَحِمَ رَبِّي إِنَّ رَبِّي غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
"And I do not acquit myself. Indeed, the soul is a persistent enjoiner of evil, except those upon which my Lord has mercy. Indeed, my Lord is Forgiving and Merciful.""
Three conditions above, depending on the mood. That is, the human appetence can become muthainah, in an instant he can also turn into lawwamah, and also can immediately change to bis suu ammarah '.
Some scholars make parables about this appetence interaction. Among the parables delivered by Imam al-Ajurri - Hadith expert and history from Baghdad died: 360 H -
In his book 'Adabun Nufus', he said,
وأنا أمثل لك مثالا لا يخفى عليك أمرها إن شاء الله
I will convey an example to you, insha Allah, the problem of appetence is no longer vague to you.
Then he began to explain,
اعلم أن النفس مثلها كمثل المهر الحسن من الخيل, إذا نظر إليه الناظر أعجبه حسنه وبهاؤه, فيقول أهل البصيرة به: لا ينتفع بهذا حتى يراض رياضة حسنة, ويؤدب أدبا حسنا, فحينئذ ينتفع به, فيصلح للطلب والهرب, ويحمد راكبه عواقب تأديبه ورياضته. فإن لم يؤدب لم ينتفع بحسنه ولا ببهائه ، ولا يحمد راكبه عواقبه عند الحاجة
Understand that appetence is a very good colt. Every time someone sees it, it must be amazed by the beauty and goodness. Until a horse expert comments,
'This nice horse doesn't mean anything until he is trained and taught well. Only after that can he be used properly, so that it can be used to attack or run fast. And those who ride will be satisfied with the results of their training. If not trained properly, then the beauty will not benefit at all, and the riders will not feel satisfied when using it.
He continued,
فإن قيل صاحب هذا المهر قول أهل النصيحة والبصيرة به قول صحيح فدفعه إلى رائض فراضه. ثم لا يصلح أن يكون الرائض إلا عالما بالرياضة, معه صبر على ما معه من علم الرياضة, فإن كان معه بالرياضة ونصحه انتفع به صاحبه, فإن كان الرائض لا معرفة معه بالرياضة, ولا علم بأدب الخيل, أفسد هذا المهر وأتعب نفسه, ولم يحمد راكبه عواقبه
If the foal owner provides care with good spirits and understands the situation, then he give to taking care to someone who is an expert in caring, and he does not choose a nurse except those who have the ability to care and patience, then the horse is well cared for, it will be beneficial for the owner. But if the nurse does not have knowledge in caring, does not understand about teaching the horse, then he will damage the foal and actually make him tired. So there is no good comment on people who ride it.
وإن كان الرائض معه معرفة الرياضة والأدب للخيل إلا أنه مع معرفته لم يصبر على مشقة الرياضة, وأحب الترفيه لنفسه, وتوانى عما وجب عليه, من النصيحة في الرياضة, أفسد هذا المهر, وأساء إليه, ولم يصلح للطلب, ولا للهرب
When the carer understands the technique of caring for and training a horse, it's just that he is impatient in facing difficulties when training a horse, likes to just play, and procrastinates on what is his duty in training a horse, so it will damage this foal, so that later it won't can be used to attack or run fast.
(Adab an-Nufus, p. 15)
Thus, Allahu a’lam.
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