Prayer Taraweeh 11 or 23 Raakat?
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Bismillah was shalatu was salamu 'ala Rasulillah, wa ba'du,
Almost all scholars say, there is no maximum limit for the number of rakah tarawih prayer.
Among the arguments that show no limit to the number of rakah tarawih prayer is the hadith from Ibn Umar radhiyallahu 'anhuma,
There is a shahabah who asked the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam about the procedure of prayer lail. Then he explained,
صلاة الليل مثنى الصبح صلى ركعة واحدة, توتر له ما قد صلى
"The evening prayer is two rak'ah-two rak'ah. If you are afraid to enter the time of shubuh, then work a (one) raka'at, to be witir for the previous prayers. "
(Narrated by Bukhari 990 and Muslim 749)
This hadith is general, including evening prayers performed outside of Ramadan and in Ramadan.
The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam explained the procedure of performing the night prayer to be done 2 rakaat-2 rakaat (Each pray). And he did not mention the limit of the number of rakaatnya. He only limits,
"If you are afraid to enter the time of shubuh, then do one raka'at, to be witir for the previous prayers."
If there is a restriction that night prayer, of course the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam will explain it.
Ibn 'Abdil Barr - the Malikiyah cleric - said,
أن صلاة الليل ليس فيها حد محدود وأنها نافلة وفعل خير وعمل بر فمن شاء استقل ومن شاء استكثر
"That the night prayer has no limits on the number of certain raka'at. The night prayer is sunna prayer, good deeds and good deeds. Anyone can work with a small amount of raka'at, and who will, can work with many rak'ah. "
(At-Tamhid Syarh al-Muwatha ', 21/70)
No More Than 13 Rakaat
A'ishah was once asked by her disciples about how the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam prayed night. Answer A'isha radhiyallahu 'anha,
ما كان يزيد فى رمضان ولا غيره على إحدى عشرة ركعة
He never added more than 11 rakaat, both in Ramadan and outside Ramadan.
(Narrated by Bukhari 3569)
In another narration, A'ishah said,
كان رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يصلى من الليل ثلاث عشرة ركعة
Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam performed the night prayer as many as 13 rak'ahs.
(Abu Dawud 1340)
The scholars understand, this hadith is not a limitation. Because the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam never prohibited more than 13. What is told Aisha is the custom (habit/in general) of the number of rakats lail prayer that the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam did.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah said,
أن نفس قيام رمضان لم يوقت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فيه عددا معينا; بل كان هو - صلى الله عليه وسلم - لا يزيد في رمضان ولا غيره على ثلاث عشرة ركعة لكن كان يطيل الركعات
"That the night prayer in the month of Ramadan is not limited by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam with certain numbers. But what the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam did not add raakat in the month of Ramadan or any other month more than 13 raka'at, but he extends his rakaat .... Anyone who thinks that the night prayer in the month of Ramadan has certain raka'at number assigned by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam , should not be added or subtracted from the number of raka'at he did, indeed he has been wrong (understanding). "
(Majmu' al-Fatawa, 22/272).
Then he mentioned, that there used to be a prayer tarawih 40 rakaat and witr with 3 rakaat. There are also tarawih 36 rakats and witr with 3 rak'ahs. Everything is allowed.
Which is more Afdal (Better), 11 or 23?
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah said,
"When 'Umar gathered man and Ubay bin Ka'ab as Imam (in shalat), he performed as many as 20 raka'at prayers then performed the witr 3 raka'at. But when it reads every raka'at lighter with replaced raka'at added. For doing this is lighter for a congregation (ma'mum) than to do a raka'at with such a long reading. "(Majmu 'al-Fatawa, 22/272)
The practice above shows that the number is not the main reference of the assessment. Because this is back to which is more qualified. Allah Ta'ala said,
الذي خلق الموت والحياة ليبلوكم أيكم أحسن عملا
"[He] who created death and life to test you [as to] which of you is best in deed - and He is the Exalted in Might, the Forgiving -"
(Surat al-Mulk: 2)
One of the factors that determine the quality is khushoo (khusyuk). and one of the factors is the state of affection. Therefore, Shaykh al-Islam concludes, the most afdhal is to adjust the conditions of the congregation (ma'mum / makmum). He said,
والأفضل يختلف باختلاف أحوال المصلين فإن كان فيهم احتمال لطول القيام فالقيام بعشر ركعات وثلاث بعدها. كما كان النبي صلى الله العربية
The most afdhal, vary according to the condition of the person who prays. If they can be invited to stand long, then tarawih with 10 rakah (long recite) and 3 rakaat after it better. As performed by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam when in Ramadan and beyond Ramadan. But if they are not strong for long standing, tarawih 20 Rakaat (light read / recite) more afdhal.
(Majmu 'al-Fatawa, 22/272)
Unfortunately, many practices are not the maximum in quality in our place. Some mosques are tarawih 23 Rakaat, very no thumakninah. There is even a completion of less than half an hour. While those who prayed 11 rakats, finished for half an hour. about Number is not a problem, but do not sacrifice quality. Because thoomaninah/tumaninah/khushoo/khusyuk is part of the pillars of prayer.
Allahu a'lam.
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