The Law Damages the Spiders' Web
Many people say, the spider is a meritorious animal because it had saved the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam when he hid in the cave of Tsur when chased by infidels. So must be privileged, should not be disturbed or killed. Killing spiders including sinful acts. Is it true?
Answer:
Bismillah was shalatu was salamu 'ala Rasulillah, wa ba'du,
Previously we will take a closer look at the narratives that mention the spider when the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam hid in the cave of Tsur.
Mentioned in the hadith of Ibn'Abbas radhiyallahu 'anhu , about the story of the exit of the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam from the city of Mecca, he pursued the polytheists until he hid in the cave of Tsur.
فمروا بالغار، فرأوا على بابه نسيج العنكبوت، فقالوا: لو دخل ههنا لم يكن نسيج العنكبوت على بابه، فمكث فيه ثلاث ليال
They passed the cave, and they saw on the door there was a cobweb. They commented, 'If Muhammad entered this cave, there could be no cobwebs at the door of this cave.' and He stayed in the cave for 3 days.
This hadith is narrated by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad (No. 3251)
and the sanad was judged dhaif by Syuaib al-Arnauth. The problem is there is a narrator named Uthman al-Jazari. Including who judge dhaif is Shaykh Ahmad Syakir, as his statement in ta'liq Musnad Ahmad.
Although there are some scholars who reviewed it hasan. Among them are Ibn Kathir and al-Hafidz Ibn Hajar,
Ibn Kathir said,
وهذا إسناد حسن وهو من أجود ما روي في قصة نسج العنكبوت على فم الغار
This history sanad is hasan, and the sanad is the best history related to the story of cobwebs in the mouth of the cave.
(al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah, 3/181)
Al-Hafidz Ibn Hajar also judged hasan (Fathul Bari, 7/236), only he commented on one of the narrators, Uthman al-Jazari that he had a weak side.
On the other hand, there are some considerations that indicate that this history is weak,
Firstly, this hadith is claimed Dhaif by many scholars because of the presence of the narrator Uthman al-Jazari.
Abu Hatim said about Uthman al-Jazari,
يكتب حديثه ولا يحتج به
Hadith written but not made into argument.
(at-Tahdzib, 7/145)
Regarding the events of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam hiding in the cave of Tsur, Allah tells us in the Qur'an,
فقد نصره الله إذ أخرجه الذين كفروا ثاني اثنين إذ هما في الغار إذ يقول لصاحبه لا تحزن إن الله معنا فأنزل الله سكينته عليه وأيده بجنود لم تروها
If you do not aid the Prophet - Allah has already aided him when those who disbelieved had driven him out [of Makkah] as one of two, when they were in the cave and he said to his companion, "Do not grieve; indeed Allah is with us." And Allah sent down His tranquillity upon him and supported him with angels you did not see and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowest, while the word of Allah - that is the highest. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.
In the above verse, Allah helps His Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam with an invisible army,
وأيده بجنود لم تروها
"supported him with angels you did not see .."
And this is inconsistent if it is understood that the army is a spider that makes a nest. Because obviously the cobwebs can be seen. And the meaning of the army that is not seen by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam is the angels. Al-Baghawi explains this verse,
وهم الملائكة نزلوا يصرفون وجوه الكفار وأبصارهم عن رؤيته; وقيل: ألقوا الرعب في قلوب الكفار حتى رجعوا
They are angels who descend, turning the faces of the unbelievers and their visions so as not to see Him. Some say, God puts fear in the hearts of the unbelievers until they return.
(Tafsir al-Baghawi, 4/53).
In conclusion, the existence of a spider in the cave of Tsur when the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam hid with Abu Bakr we can not be sure of. Therefore, this narrative is not strong enough to suggest that the spider is a special animal or has special virtues.
The Law of Expelling the Spider
In principle all that disturbs humans are allowed to be expelled. While the argument stating that the spider had merit to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam can not be an excuse, because it is not strong, as the previous explanation.Imam Ibn Uthaymeen was once asked about the law of removing cobwebs and driving them away from home.
His answer
إزالة العنكبوت من زوايا البيوت لا بأس بها وذلك لأن العنكبوت تؤذي وتلوث الحيطان وربما تعشش على الكتب وعلى الملابس فهي من الحشرات المؤذية وإن كانت أذيتها خفيفة بالنسبة لغيرها فإذا حصل منها أذية فإنه لا بأس بإزالة ما بنته من العش
Expelling spiders from the corners of the house is allowed. Because spiders interfere with and contaminate the walls. Sometimes dirty the books, clothes. Spiders include annoying animals. If the disorder is mild compared to other animals, it does not matter removing the nest.
(Fatwa Nur ala Ad-Darbi, Imam Ibn Uthaimin)
Description of Imam Ibn Baz
لا حرج في إزالة آثار العنكبوت ولا نعلم ما يدل على كراهة ذلك فإزالتها لا حرج في ذلك أما كونها بنت على الغار الذي دخل فيه النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وصاحبه أبو بكر فهذا ورد في بعض الأحاديث وبصحته نظر ولكنه مشهور ولو فرضنا صحته فإنه لا التي ليس لوجودها حاجة فيها
No problem removing cobwebs. And I am not aware of any dalil (Proof) that makrooh (disliked) this. While spider events make a nest at the door of the cave that the Prophet sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam entered and Abu Bakr, this is mentioned in some traditions (hadith), but its legitimacy status needs to be considered. Although this history is famous. If we consider this hadeth is saheeh, it does not matter throwing him out of the house ... because the existence of a spider web is not needed.
(Fatawa Ibn Baz, No. 11021)
For the problem of killing him (the spider), as long as the spider can be expelled without having to be killed, then all animals with no significant disturbance, enough to be kicked out without having to be killed.
Allahu a'lam.
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