Between Zakat, Alms (sadaqah), Infaqs, Grants, and Gifts
Question:
Bismillah
Assalamualaykum warahmatullah wabarakatuh
Barakallahu fikum Ustadz
Afwan, I want to ask, is there a difference between zakat, infaq, and shodaqoh? If there are any differences between these three things?
Jazakumullahu khairan Ustadz for the answer
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Answer:
Wa'alaikumussalam warahmatullah wabarakatuh
Preliminary:
Alhamdulillah,
Understanding the various terms that apply to any discipline is very important, without exception Shari'a. Therefore, scholars have always described the understanding of various terms that apply to each chapter in detail.
As if he did not want to be left behind, Ibnul Qayyim was one of the most persistent scholars emphasizing the importance of using various terms of the Shari'a as used in the Qur'an and hadith. Especially for the scholars who are tasked with explaining Shari'a laws to the wider community. He reasoned for this emphasis that the use of the term Shari'a correctly can save us from mistakes in understanding the law of Allah 'Azza wa Jalla. And conversely misunderstanding or misplacing the term Shari'a can have fatal consequences for your understanding of the Shari'ah of Allah 'Azza wa Jalla .
As he also gave a warning that in the midst of society, the use of shari'a terms that were not appropriate. As a result of this carelessness, there were fatal irregularities and errors in people's religious life.
( I'ilamul Muwaqiin , 4: 216).
Realizing this, I invite you to get to know the various terms of the Shari'a well. The hope is you are getting closer to the religion of Allah, and then Allah is getting closer to you.
Know the Meaning of Zakat
In the community, there is an understanding that zakat is a number of assets that have been determined by type, level, and paid to entitled to receive it at a specified time. And this zakat is one of the pillars of Islam. Allah affirms in the Qur'an, which means,
وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ
" And establish prayer and give zakah and bow with those who bow [in worship and obedience]."
The above understanding is correct, but it should be remembered that sometimes the ulama use the word zakah on zakah sunah.
Ibnul Arabi said:
The word zakat is used to refer to obligatory (fard) zakat, but sometimes it is also used to call zakat sunah, livelihood, rights, and forgive a mistake. "
( Fathul Bari, 3: 296)
Know the Meaning of Alms (Sadaqah)
The word alms (Shadaqah) in many propositions has the same meaning as the word zakat, as mentioned in the following verse, which means,
خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ ۖ إِنَّ صَلَاتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَهُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
" Take, [O, Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke [ Allah 's blessings] upon them. Indeed, your invocations are reassurance for them. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing. "
In authentic traditions, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
" If Adam's descendants dies, then all the rewards of his practice are Broke (disconnected), except for the reward of three practices (Deeds): alms jariyah (sadaqah jariyah), useful knowledge, and pious children who always pray for Goodness for him ."
(HR at-Tirmidhi and others)
Based on all this, Imam Mawardi concluded:
Alms is charity and charity is alms. Two words that are different in text but have the same meaning.
( al-Ahkam as-Sulthaniyyah , p. 145)
Thus alms include the mandatory (Fard) and also includes the sunnah, provided that it aims to seek the pleasure of Allah 'Azza wa Jalla alone. Therefore, often you don't care even maybe you don't feel the need to know the recipient's name.
However, in several propositions, the word alms has a broader meaning than just paying a number of assets to others. Alms in several propositions are used to refer to all forms of good deeds that are useful for others or even for themselves.
One day a group of poor companions complained to the Messenger of Allaah 'alayhi wa sallam regarding their jealousy towards rich people. Wealthy people are able to practice something that they cannot do, which is to give away their wealth that exceeds their needs. Responding to this complaint, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam gave them a solution through his saying:
" Has Allah not opened for you the doors of charity? Indeed, each (Tasbih) prayer statement is worthy of alms for you, as well as the words takbir, tahmid, and tahlil. As well as commanding virtue (Goodness) and forbidding evil is also worth alms for you. Even if you release your sexual lust, it is worth alms . "
No doubt, the companions were amazed to hear this explanation, so they again asked:
" O Messenger of Allah, if we satisfy lust, we get merit (Reward)? "He replied:
" What do you think if he channeling it on the Haram path, does he not bear sin? "Likewise, if he distributes it to the lawful path, then he gets the reward. (HR. Muslim)
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Know the Meaning of Infaq
The word infaq in the arguments of the Qur'an, hadith and also the ulama culture has a broad enough meaning, because it covers all types of expenditure on wealth. Allah the Exalted says, which means:
وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا أَنْفَقُوا لَمْ يُسْرِفُوا وَلَمْ يَقْتُرُوا وَكَانَ بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ قَوَامًا
" And [they are] those who, when they spend, do so not excessively or sparingly but are ever, between that, [justly] moderate"
(Surah al-Furqan: 67).
The same thing also appears clearly on the following words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam :
"Later on Qiyamah day, the feet of every child of Adam will not shift from the presence of Allah until asked about five things: for what the age he spent, for what the he spent youth time, from where wealth he got and where he infaq (Spent) and what he did with his knowledge. "
(HR. at-Tirmidhi)
Wherever and for any purpose, whether the objectives (spent) are justified in the Shari'a or forbidden, everything is called infaq. Therefore, let's look at the story about the words of moonafik who plot evil against the Messenger of Allah and his companions, Allah tells, which means,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ لِيَصُدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ فَسَيُنْفِقُونَهَا ثُمَّ تَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ حَسْرَةً ثُمَّ يُغْلَبُونَ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِلَىٰ جَهَنَّمَ يُحْشَرُونَ
"Indeed, those who disbelieve spend (Infaq) their wealth to avert [people] from the way of Allah . So they will spend it; then it will be for them a [source of] regret; then they will be overcome. And those who have disbelieved - unto Hell they will be gathered. "
Therefore, in many arguments the command to infaq accompanied by an explanation of infaq in the way of Allah, as in the following verse, which means,
وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ۛ وَأَحْسِنُوا ۛ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
" And infakan / spend (your property) in the way of Allah ."
Know the Meaning of Grants
When you give some wealth to someone else, there must be certain goals that you want to achieve. If the main purpose of your gift is compassion and the desire to help others, then this gift is termed in Islamic law with a grant (Hibah). The compassion that overcomes your feelings when knowing or seeing the conditions of the recipient of giving is more dominant than the awareness to ask for rewards from Allah. For example, let us refer to the companion (sahabah) Abu Bakr when canceling his gift (Hibah) to the daughter of his beloved Aisha Radhiyallahu ' anha :
"O my daughter, there is no one I love more to be rich than you and on the contrary, there is no one who makes me grieve more by poverty than you. Whereas in the past I have given you 20 Wasaq of rice (about 3,180 kg). If you have taken this gift, then that is not the case, but if not then my gift now I pull back into a part of my inheritance. "
(HR. Imam Malik)
Getting to Know the Meanings of Gifts
Among the forms of giving wealth to others that are also widely known by the public are gifts. And I'm sure you have given a gift to someone else or you might have received it from someone else. Of course you realize that your gift is not given to anyone, let alone someone you don't know (different from Alms). Only special people in your life deserve your prize.
The gift you give to someone, is actually just one form of your appreciation to him. As through the gifts you give, as if you want to increase the closeness of the relationship between you. Thus the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam interpreted the meaning of gifts in the life of society through his words:
" You should give each other gifts, of course you love each other ."
(Narrated by Bukhari in the book of al-Adab al-Mufrad )
Based on this, you can find out the various gifts that have been referred to by various parties as prizes, such as prizes for the purchase of a product, or lottery or other. These gifts are not really worthy of being called a gift, remembering that everything is loaded with commercial purposes, and not to increase the closeness of selfless relationships.
Editorial Note of Muslim Entrepreneurs
The description above is an article written by Dr. Muhammad Arifin Baderi and has been published in the 29th edition of Muslim Entrepreneur magazine. In this edition, the Muslim Entrepreneur magazine specifically explores zakat, infaq, and alms.
May be useful. Allahu a'lam
This post Link (For references):
https://yourdakwah.blogspot.com/2018/08/differences-between-zakah-alms-sadaqah.html
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Leaving the immoral, Is It Rewarded?
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https://yourdakwah.blogspot.com/2018/08/differences-between-zakah-alms-sadaqah.html
Read Also :
Bullier can be sued in the afterlife
Leaving the immoral, Is It Rewarded?
Answering-repeating Iqamah?
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ReplyDeleteVery nice and informative article posted by author. Please! Also remind the poor people in your happy life donate sadaqat to them and fulfill their needs and make your house in jannah. Thanks.
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