When Can Sick People Not Fast?
Question:
How does the law leave the fast for the sick ?
Answer:
Alhamdulillah was shalatu was salamu 'ala Rasulilllah, wa ba'du.
The scholars insist that not all sickness can be caused by someone breaking their fast. Because as we understand, the pain experienced by humans is different (Vary), and their conditions are not the same.
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The following is a Scholar Faqihuz Zaman (Scholar of this century) Imam Ibn Uthaimin rahimahullah :
Allah says:
ومن كان مريضا الله بكم
" The month of Ramadhan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and [wants] for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful.."
People who are sick there are 2 kinds:
First , people whose illness is chronic (yearly), there is no hope of recovery. Like cancer is severe. People experiencing such illness are not obliged to fast. Because this kind of person is very little hope to be healed, while he was unable to fast because of the pain he suffered.
The obligation of this person is to pay fidyah, the number of fast days he left behind.
Second , people whose illness is not chronic or only temporary, like colds and such. This kind of pain there are 3 circumstances:
a. He is still able to fast and it does not burden him, and fasting does not have much influence on his fast, then this person must fast, because there is no udder for him to leave the fast. For example, mild cold, wound is not severe, and so on.
b. Fasting will be too burdensome for him, even if he fasts, it does not harm him. Fasting in this condition makruh law, because it means not taking the waivers of God, in addition to this person incriminate him.
c. By fasting will endanger him, for example, his illness will get worse or even threaten death. In this condition he is forbidden to fast, because fasting will endanger him. Allah says:
ولا تقتلوا أنفسكم إن الله كان بكم رحيما
" Do not you kill yourself. Allah loveth you . "
(Surat an-Nisa, 29)
In another verse, Allah says:
ولا تلقوا بأيديكم إلى التهلكة
" O you who have believed, do not consume one another's wealth unjustly but only [in lawful] business by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves [or one another]. Indeed, Allah is to you ever Merciful."
(Surat al-Baqarah: 159).
An-Nawawi said:
"The dangers of fasting for the sick can be known, whether the sick person feels what is happening to him, or based on a trusted doctor's statement."
If a person of this type does not fast, then he is obliged to make up a number of the days he left behind, after he was healed. If he died before he was healed then he fell from him the obligation of Qada (fulfilling or completing those duties), because his obligation was to make a prayer on another day after healed, while he could not.
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Billahi Fii Sabilil Haq Fastabiqul Khairat
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Knowing God Only in Ramadan
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